Chemical behaviour of hydrophobic micro - pollutants during the melting of snow
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چکیده
During two periods of snow melting daily bulk samples of snow were taken on a Dolomite plateau in the rural karst region of northeast Bavaria (Federal Republic of Germany). The snow samples were analysed for PAHs by HPTLC and for BHCs by GC. Conductivity and pH were also measured. Molecular substance ratios, pollutant loadings and enrichment factors in the meltwater were calculated from the concentration data. With the first 40% of meltwater 90% of H -ions, 70-80% of BHCs and 60-70% of PAHs were released from the snow cover. In the first 20% of meltwater the H -ions were enriched by 4-6 times and some PAHs were enriched by 2.5 times. BHCs showed a more continuous release in the first 40% of meltwater causing 1.5-fold increased concentrations. During the melting of snow the ratios of more hydrophobic to less hydrophobic micropollutants increased in the snow cover. After a long period of melting hydrophobic contaminants were accumulated in the snow cover towards the end of one melting event investigated. The dynamics of the release of pollutants from the snow cover is discussed in terms of the micro-distribution of atmospheric pollutants in the snow crystal. It is possible to use a nearby karst spring as a natural lysimeter for tracing the release of snow constituents during the melting. However, only 1-3% of the input of micropollutants were detected in the karst water. Le comportement chimique des micropolluants hydrophobes pendant la fonte des neiges RESUME Pendant deux périodes de la fonte des neiges des échantillons journaliers de neige ont été pris sur un plateau des Dolomites dans une région rurale karstique en Bavière du nord-est (Republique Fédérale d'Allemagne). Les échantillons de neige ont été analysés pour les PAHs par HPTLC et pour les HCHs par GC. En plus,la conductivité et le pH ont été déterminés. Les résultats des mesures de concentration ont été utilisés pour *The experiments were carried out at the Lehrstuhl f. Hydrologie (University of Bayreuth, FRG). 335 336 N.Simmleit et al. calculer les rapports et les charges des polluants et les facteurs d'accumulation dans l'eau de fonte. Dans les premiers 40% de l'eau de fonte, 90% des ions H , 70-80% des HCHs et 60-70% des PAHs ont été libérés par la couche de neige. Dans les premiers 20% de l'eau, les ions d'hydrogène ont été enrichis 4-6 fois et quelques PAHs ont été enrichis 2.5 fois. Les HCHs ont été libérés d'une manière plus continue dans les premiers 40% de l'eau fonte, provoquant une accumulation de 1.5 fois. Pendant les fontes des neiges le rapport entre les polluants plus hydrophobes et les polluants moins hydrophobes augmentait dans la couche de neige. Après une fonte des neiges de longue durée, les polluants hydrophobes se sont accumulés dans la couche de neige vers la fin de la fonte. En partant de la distribution microscopique des polluants atmosphériques dans les flocons de neige, la dynamique de la liberation des polluants par la couche de neige a été discuté. Il est possible d'utiliser une source karstique avoisinante comme lyslmètre naturel pour observer la libération des constituants de la neige au cours de la fonte. Pourtant seulement 1-3% des micro-polluants initiaux ont été détectés dans l'eau karstique.
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تاریخ انتشار 2007